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John W. Draper : ウィキペディア英語版
John William Draper

John William Draper (May 5, 1811 – January 4, 1882) was an English-American scientist, philosopher, physician, chemist, historian and photographer. He is credited with producing the first clear photograph of a female face (1839–40) and the first detailed photograph of the Moon (1840). He was also the first president of the American Chemical Society (1876–77) and a founder of the New York University School of Medicine. One of Draper's books, the anti-Catholic ''History of the Conflict between Religion and Science'', was widely read and was translated into several languages. His son, Henry Draper, and his granddaughter, Antonia Maury, were astronomers, her younger sister, Carlotta Maury was a paleontologist, and his eldest son, John Christopher Draper, was a chemist.〔(John William Draper ). The Notable Names Database〕
==Early life==
John William Draper was born May 5, 1811 in St. Helens, Lancashire, England to John Christopher Draper, a Wesleyan clergyman and Sarah (Ripley) Draper. He also had three sisters, Dorothy Catherine (August 6, 1807 – December 10, 1901),〔Howard R. McManus, ("The Most Famous Daguerreian Portrait: Exploring the History of the Dorothy Catherine Draper Daguerreotype," ) The Daguerreian Annual 1995, pp. 148–171.〕 Elizabeth Johnson, and Sarah Ripley. On June 23, he was baptized by the Wesleyan minister Jabez Bunting. His father often needed to move the family due to serving various congregations throughout England. John Wm. Draper was home tutored until 1822, when he entered Woodhouse Grove School. He returned to home instruction (1826) prior to entering University College London in 1829.〔Fleming〕 While at University College London, Draper studied chemistry under the direction of Edward Turner (chemist).
On September 13, 1831, John William Draper married Antonia Coetana de Paiva Pereira Gardner (c. 1814–1870), the daughter of Daniel Gardner, a court physician to John VI of Portugal and Charlotte of Spain. Antonia was born in Brazil after the royal family fled Portugal with Napoleon's invasion. There is dispute as to the identity of Antonia's mother. Around 1830, Antonia was sent with her brother Daniel to live with their aunt in London.〔Fleming, pp. 7–8.〕
Following his father's death in July, 1831, John William's mother was urged to move with her children to Virginia, US. John William hoped to acquire a teaching position at a local Methodist college.〔Fleming, p. 8.〕

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